Bone marrow failure is a condition where the body cannot produce a sufficient amount of blood cells. This serious hematological condition can occur in children and adults for various reasons. Early diagnosis and a multidisciplinary treatment approach can positively affect the course of the disease.
📌 What is Bone Marrow Failure?
The bone marrow is where blood cells such as red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes), and platelets are produced. When this structure loses its function, the levels of cells in the blood decrease, and the functions of the immune system, oxygen transport, and clotting are impaired.
📍 Main Types:
Aplastic Anemia: The bone marrow becomes completely non-functional.
Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS): The bone marrow produces cells, but they are not healthy.
Fanconi Anemia: A genetically inherited type of bone marrow failure.
Congenital and acquired causes: It can be congenital or develop later in life.
🔍 Symptoms:
Constant weakness and fatigue
Paleness
Susceptibility to infections
Frequent nosebleeds, gum bleeding
Bruising on the skin, petechiae
Fever and signs of infection
🧪 Diagnostic Methods:
Complete blood count (CBC)
Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy
Genetic tests
Immunological and cytogenetic examinations
💉 Treatment Options:
Immunosuppressive therapy (ATG, CsA, etc.)
Blood transfusions
Growth factors (G-CSF, EPO)
Bone marrow (stem cell) transplant: Can be a permanent solution, especially in pediatric patients.
Supportive treatments: Infection control, nutritional support, etc.
⚠️ Why is Early Diagnosis Important?
Bone marrow failure can be a rapidly progressing and life-threatening disease. Therefore, when symptoms are noticed, it is essential to consult a hematology specialist without delay.